l-norepinephrine and Calcium sorbate

Calcium sorbate is the calcium salt of sorbic acid. Calcium sorbate is a polyunsaturated fatty acid salt.

It is a commonly-used food preservative; its E number is E203.



Calcium sorbate Prepared at the 51st JECFA (1998), published in FNP 52 Add 6 (1998) superseding specifications prepared at the 17th JECFA (1973), published in FNP 4 (1978) and republished in FNP 52 (1992). Group ADI 0-25 mg/kg bw for sorbic acid and its calcium, potassium and sodium salts, expressed as sorbic acid, established at the 17th JECFA in 1973.

Fine white crystalline powder not showing any change in colour after heating at 105o for 90 min



Melting range of sorbic acid derived from the sample

(Vol. 4) 132 - 135o

Acidify a solution of the sample with dilute hydrochloric acid TS. Collect the precipitated sorbic acid on a filter paper, wash free of chloride with water and dry under vacuum over sulfuric acid.

Test for unsaturation: to 2 ml of a 1 in 10 solution of the sample, add a few drops of bromine TS. The colour of the bromine disappears.

· Name: l-norepinephrine bitartrate

· Formula: C12H17NO9.H2O

· Synonyms:

· Noradrenaline bitartrate;1377-55-5;Norepinephrine bitartrate [USAN];4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol; (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; hydrate;108341-18-0;66197-74-8;1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-, (R)-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) (salt), monohydrate;1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-, (R)-, (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) (salt), monohydrate;Levarterenol bitartrate monohydrate;Norepinephrine d-bitartrate monohydrate;(-)-alpha-(Aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol tartrate (1:1) (salt) monohydrate;6780-05-8;L-Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate;(-)-Norepinephrine bitartrate salt monohydrate;Arterenol, tartrate, monohydrate;34888-32-9;L-(-)-NOREPINEPHRINE (+)-BITARTRATE SALT MONOHYDRATE;Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate;Norepinephe Bitartrate;Nitrofurantoin;L-Norepinephrine bitartrate 1-hydrate;Norepinephrine bitartrate;Noradrenaline Bitratrate;69815-49-2;

l-norepinephrine Pharmacology:Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors.

l-norepinephrine Absorption: Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output.

l-norepinephrine side effects and Toxicity”Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat)

l-norepinephrine Patient Information:No information avaliable

l-norepinephrine Organisms Affected:Humans and other mammals

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